Dextrose Trade Names: D₅₀W, D₁₂W, D₅W
Class: Carbohydrate, Hypertonic solution
Pharmacology:
Onset: Less than 1 mi
Duration: Depends on degree of hypoglycemia
Primary energy source distributed by blood to all tissues of body
Indications:
- Hypoglycemia
- Altered level of consciousness
- Coma of unknown origin
- Seizure of unknown origin
Contraindications:
- Intracranial hemorrhage
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Known or suspected stroke in the absence of hypoglycemia
Packaging: 25 g/50 mL pre-filled syringe
Dosages:
- Adult: 12.5-25 g slow IV; may be repeated once
- Pediatric: 0.5-1 g/kg IV/IO (max recommended concentration: 25%)
2-4 mL/kg 25%
5-10 mL/kg 10%
10-20 mL/kg 5% (if volume tolerated)
Side Effects:
- Warmth
- Pain
- Burning from medication infusion
- Hyperglycemia
- Thrombophlebitis
Special Considerations:
Pregnancy safety: Category C
Draw sample prior to administration if possible
Perform blood glucose analysis prior to administration if possible
Extravasation may cause tissue necrosis; use large vein and aspirate occasionally to ensure route patency
50% dextrose solution may precipitate severe neurological symptoms in thiamine patients